Hogsmeade is the only entirely wizarding village in Britain. It's a picturesque village of little thatched cottages and shops. During the holiday season, enchanted candles hang in the trees. Hogwarts is located across the lake from Hogsmeade, and the Hogwarts Express stops at the station there to disembark the students at the start of term. A road runs around the lake from the station to the castle. According to tradition, Hogsmeade was founded about the same time as Hogwarts by Hengist of Woodcroft, who was fleeing persecution by Muggles (CS/g).

from the Wizard's Atlas:
Map of Hogwarts and environs, showing Hogsmeade (171k.)
Map of Hogsmeade

When you visit the village:

Honeydukes Sweetshop
Candy store, owned by a husband and wife, who live over the shop; an entrance to one of the secret tunnels from Hogwarts is in the cellar under a trap door. Honeydukes not only sells a wide variety of sweets, they also make their own fudge and enormous blocks of chocolate.

The Three Broomsticks
Owner: Madam Rosmerta
A great spot to drink butterbeer, although they also serve gillywater, mulled mead, red currant rum, and even cherry syrup and soda with ice and an umbrella (PA10). There are tables, booths, and a mirror over the bar.

Zonko's Joke Shop
Zonko's is a favorite place for Hogwarts students to shop. They carry "jokes and tricks to fulfill even Fred's and George's wildest dreams," including Dungbombs, Hiccup Sweets, Frog Spawn Soap, and Nose-Biting Teacups. (PA14)

The Shrieking Shack
Reputed to be the most haunted house in Britain, the Shrieking Shack gets its name from the terrifying screams and noises heard coming from it some twenty years ago. The Shack has been silent for years, but the reputation lives on. The windows are completely boarded up. Outside the house is a dank, overgrown garden. The entrances are all sealed; even Fred and George couldn't figure out how to get in. The Hogwarts ghosts avoid the place, saying that it's the home of a "rough crowd." (PA10, 17-19)

Dervish and Banges
Wizard equipment shop, near the end of the High Street. (GF27)

Gladrags Wizardwear
Clothier, with additional shops in London and Paris. Among other things, you can buy strange socks there (GF8, 27)

railroad station
The station, where the Hogwarts Express ends its journey north from Platform Nine-And-Three-Quarters, is located near the lake. A road extends from the train station around the lake to Hogwarts Castle. (SS6, PA5,GF11)

post office
At least three hundred owls, from Giant Grays to tiny Scops ("Local Deliveries Only"), wait to carry messages. They sit on shelves that are color coded, depending on how fast you want your letter to get to its destination (PA8).

The Hog's Head - another pub in Hogsmeade, possibly a bit rougher, less "student-friendly" than the Three Broomsticks. Hagrid played cards here and won a dragon egg. He said that "yeh get a lot o' funny folk in the Hog's Head." (SS16).