Charms Magic
Charms are a type of magic spell concerned with enchanting or conjuring an object. Charm spells are in some ways the opposite of Curses: many Charms seem to have in inherent positive tone (e.g. Tickling Charm) while Curses have an inherent negative one. This is not to say that Charms are weaker magic; a well-chosen Charm is a powerful magical tool against Curses, Jinxes, and Hexes. Professor Flitwick, the Hogwarts Charms teacher, was rumored to have once been a Dueling Champion, after all (CS11).
Charms classes at Hogwarts

Charms Spells
for more information on individual charms, see the Encyclopedia of Spells, Charms, and Curses
Alohomora Charm (SS16)
Banishing Charm
Braking Charm
Bubble-Head Charm
Charm To Cure Reluctant Reversers, A
Cheering Charm
Confundus Charm
Drought Charm
Engorgement Charm
Fidelius Charm
Flame Freezing Charm
Freezing Charm
Homorphus Charm
Hover Charm
Memory Charm
Muggle-Repelling Charm
Patronus Charm
(Reducing Charm) assumed to be a Charm, since it's the opposite of the Engorgement Charm.
Scouring Charm
Severing Charm
Shield Charm
Summoning Charm
Talon-Clipping Charms (dragon care)
Tickling Charm
Unbreakable Charm

books of charms
There are undoubtedly many Charms in general spell books. The books listed here, however, note in the title that they contain Charms. For more information, see the Book List by Topic.
Anthology of Eighteenth Century Charms, An
Olde and Forgotten Bewitchments and Charmes (GF26) 

etc.
And then there's always good old Aberforth Dumbledore, who was prosecuted for practicing "inappropriate charms" on a goat. I think that's all we need to know about THAT particular incident... (GF24)