ART
OF
CYTOLOGY
by Suzanne
L. Adams, CT (ASCP),
Cytologist
and Artist
Dedicated to Education
& Research in Nutrition & Disease Prevention
Helping to Build Strong
Genes and Healthy Cells
Play Your
Part in the Prevention of Birth
Defects and Disease
Processes-
Take a
Quality
Assured Multivitamin/Mineral High in Folic Acid Every Day
.FOLIC
ACID/B12 DEFICIENCY
Cytopathology
Illustrations
.
Folic
Acid Deficiency Changes in Cervical Cells
(illustration
by
Suzanne L. Adams, CT(ASCP), copyright)
May be called "Atypical
Cells of Undetermined Significance"
or "Benign Cellular
Changes"
on a Pap Report
(illustration
by
Suzanne L. Adams, CT(ASCP), copyright)
Radiation/Chemotherapy Effect in Cervical Cells
CHARACTERISTIC
CERVICAL
CELL CHANGES
SQUAMOUS CELLS
*General
cytomegaly
most
often occurring in intermediate cells
*Cells
may enlarge to 70 microns in diameter or more
*Superficial
cells may be effected similarly but not as often
.
NUCLEAR CHARACTERISTICS
*Nuclei
>14 microns in diameter, about twice their normal size
*Nuclear
membrane folding and creasing may be more
frequent than cytomegaly
*Look
for longitudinal lines of chromatin within the nucleus
*Enlarged
nuclei usually appear bland with
prominent chromocenters
*Nuclear clearing (wide
pale clear space around the nucleus) may be seen,
especially in association
with radiation and chemotherapy
*Occasional
"masquerading" dysplastic nucleus may be
found
*Sometimes
overall changes may mimic mild dysplasia
.
CYTOPLASMIC FEATURES
*Enlarged,
pale, and often polychromatic
*Vacuolization
may be quite pronounced, especially around
the
nucleus
*Conspicuous
fibrils
(thin
lines that ring the nucleus) may be observed
*Bizarre
shapes may be found, some with psuedopod-like projections
(they are more frequently
associated with radiation and chemotherapy)
*PMN’s
may be ingested in vacuoles
METAPLASTIC
CELLS
*May
appear enlarged with bland nuclei
*Some
groups may look reactive but remain intact
ENDOCERVICAL
GLAND
CELLS
*May
be enlarged with hypochromatic nuclei
*Some
groups may acquire a reparative expression
*Vacuolization
and enlargement of cytoplasm can be seen
*Some
crowding and hyperchromasia may be worrisome
ASSOCIATED
CELLS/CHANGES
*Occasional
bizarre enlarged bi or multinucleated macrocytes
(bizarre cells are more
often associated with radiation and chemotherapy)
*Hypersegmented
PMN’s
are possible (5-6 or more lobes)
*Inflammation
may or may not be present
.
Important
Folic Acid/B12 Research
Age-Associated
Changes
in the Metabolism of Vitamin B(12) and Folic Acid
Folic
Acid Enzymes Inhibit UV Sun Damage
Selenium
and
Folate Reduce the Risk of Colon Cancer
Transcrition
Factors and Micronutrients
Folic
Acid Does Not Cause Cancer!
Folate and Cancer: How DNA Damage, Repair and Methylation Impact on Colon
Carcinogenesis
Excerpt
from The Art of Cytology
Cervical
and
Breast Cancer
Folic
Acid
is Protective Against Breast Cancer
Plasma
Folate,
Vitamin B6, vitamin B12, Homocysteine, and Risk of Breast Cancer
Diet
and
Premalignant Lesions of the Cervix:
Protective Role of
Folate,
Riboflavin, Thiamin, and Vitamin B12
Folate
Deficiency
and HPV Infection
Folic
Acid
Deficiency and HPV
Folate
Deficiency
is Associated with the Natural Progression of HPV Infection
Oral
Contraceptive
Use and Abnormal Cervical Cytology
Brain
and
Nervous System Function
Lower Maternal Folate Status is Associated with Hyperactivity, Peer Problems in Offspring
Treatment
of
Alcoholic Polyneuropathy with Vitamin B Complex
Folic
Acid
Protects Motor Neurons Against ALS
The
Worldwide
Challenge of the Dementias: a Role for B Vitamins and Homocysteine
Alzheimer's
Disease
and Folic Acid
.Folic
Acid,
DNA, and Alzheimer's Disease
Homocysteine
and
B Vitamins Relate to Brain Volume and White-Matter
Changes in Geriatric
Patients with Psychiatric Disorders
Folate
and
Cognitive Function
B
Vitamin
Deficiency in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
..Treatment
of
Depression: Time to Consider Folic Acid and B12
Role
of
Folic Acid in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases
Folate
and
Depression
Birth
Defects
Experts
Urge Wider Folic Acid Use
Scotland Rates of Spina
Bifida Rise
Cerebral
Folate
Deficiency
Report of the Effects
on Children with Brain Deficiency
Autism
and
Cerebral Folate Deficiency
Endothelial
Function
in Newborn Infants is Related to Folate Levels and Birth Weight
Folic
Acid
Deficiency and Birth Defects
It's Not Just about NTD's
Folic
Acid
and NTD Related Birth Defects Update-2009
Autism,
An
Extreme Challenge in Integrative Medicine
B6, Magnesium, Folic Acid,
Zinc are Beneficial in Many Autism Cases
Folate
Status
in Pregnancy , C677T Gene Mutation, and Autism
B12
Deficiency
and NTD Birth Defects
March
of
Dimes on Folic Acid
Maternal
Folic
Acid Counteracts BPA-Induced DNA Damage
Drugs
that Deplete Folic Acid
Drugs
that Deplete B12
Paxil
and Birth Defects
Folic
Acid
Blood Levels Falling In Young Women, Even After Fortification
MMWR-2007-Full
Report
B12
Deficiency
and NTD Birth Defects
Can
You Pass the Folic Acid Quiz?
"Point
4
the Future" Campaign
A Folic Acid Awareness
Program
Aimed at Increasing Folic Acid
Intake Among College WomenTo
Protect Future Generations
Heart
Disease
and Stroke
Young
Women
Runners, Amenorhea, and Folic Acid Supplementation
Stroke
Rates
Take Major Dive After Folate Fortification of Grain
Effect
of
Folic Acid on Endothelial Function Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Efficacy
of
Folic Acid Supplementation in Stroke Prevention
.Niacin
(Vitamin
B3) Improves HDL Levels
See Also Suzanne's Nutrition
Site
Learn
More
About Nutrition and Cellular Health
The
Art of Cytology:
An Illustrative Study
Guide With Micronutrient Discussions
Book Reviews
"The problems that exist
in the world today cannot
be solved by the level
of thinking that created them." -Albert Einstein
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